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羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)保暖(nuan)性(xing)能和(he)(he)羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)蓬松度(du)及絨(rong)(rong)子(zi)含量這兩(liang)個指(zhi)(zhi)標直接(jie)相(xiang)關(guan)。這兩(liang)個指(zhi)(zhi)標是受鵝(e)、鴨的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)周期影響，生長(chang)(chang)周期越(yue)長(chang)(chang)、它(ta)的(de)(de)羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)成熟度(du)越(yue)高(gao)，它(ta)的(de)(de)保暖(nuan)性(xing)越(yue)強。一般(ban)來說，體(ti)型(xing)大、發育成熟禽(qin)鳥的(de)(de)羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)質(zhi)量最佳(jia)。換言之，在禽(qin)鳥品(pin)(pin)種相(xiang)同的(de)(de)情況下，羽(yu)絨(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)(he)禽(qin)鳥的(de)(de)成熟度(du)有(you)關(guan)，和(he)(he)產地、氣候(hou)無關(guan)。
依據《GB/T17685羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)》定(ding)義(yi)，絨(rong)(rong)(rong)子含量(liang)是(shi)指(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)中絨(rong)(rong)(rong)子所占(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)質量(liang)百分比。蓬(peng)松度(du)是(shi)指(zhi)直徑(jing)容(rong)器內，一定(ding)量(liang)的(de)(de)羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)樣品在規定(ding)的(de)(de)壓力下所占(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)體(ti)積。對照《GB/T17685羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)》質量(liang)要求《GBT14272-2021羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)服裝》羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)品質要求，絨(rong)(rong)(rong)子含量(liang)越高(gao)，蓬(peng)松度(du)越高(gao)，羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)品質越高(gao)。
蓬(peng)(peng)松度標準在不同(tong)國家(jia)和地區的(de)(de)測算方式有(you)較大(da)差別，美國標準中蓬(peng)(peng)松度指(zhi)的(de)(de)是在一定條件下每一盎(ang)司（30克）羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)所占(zhan)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)立方英(ying)寸(cun)的(de)(de)數值（in3/OZ），蓬(peng)(peng)松度就是每單位羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的(de)(de)所儲存空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。就羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖原理而言(yan)，羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)來源于其獨特(te)的(de)(de)分叉(cha)結構(gou)，這種結構(gou)使纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)具有(you)高度的(de)(de)蓬(peng)(peng)松性(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)容納大(da)量空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，同(tong)時(shi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)比表面積(ji)(ji)非(fei)常大(da)，大(da)大(da)增加了空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)通阻力(li)，使容納的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)靜止固定在集合體(ti)(ti)內(nei)部(bu)，增加了集合體(ti)(ti)整體(ti)(ti)熱阻，大(da)大(da)地提高了纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)因這種獨特(te)的(de)(de)三維(wei)結構(gou)，封(feng)鎖空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，而空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)熱系數（導(dao)(dao)熱系數是指(zhi)在穩定傳(chuan)熱條件下，1m厚的(de)(de)材料，兩側表面溫差為(wei)1度，在一定時(shi)間內(nei)，通過1平方米面積(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)遞的(de)(de)熱量，單位為(wei)瓦/米·度（W/（m·K））遠遠低于固體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)熱系數。因此，羽(yu)(yu)絨(rong)所儲存的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)，其導(dao)(dao)熱系數越(yue)(yue)接(jie)近空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)越(yue)(yue)好(hao)。
《紡織學報(bao)》第32卷第12期中《鵝、鴨(ya)絨(rong)纖維(wei)形態結構差(cha)異及對保暖性的影響》一文中通過對鵝絨(rong)纖維(wei)和鴨(ya)絨(rong)纖維(wei)形態結構的觀察(cha)可知，一般(ban)情(qing)況下(xia)，與鴨(ya)絨(rong)纖維(wei)相比(bi)，鵝絨(rong)纖維(wei)絨(rong)朵較(jiao)大，絨(rong)核較(jiao)小(xiao)，絨(rong)枝(zhi)較(jiao)長而粗，絨(rong)小(xiao)枝(zhi)較(jiao)長而細且分布較(jiao)密，絨(rong)小(xiao)枝(zhi)上(shang)節點小(xiao)而多且分布均勻。
這(zhe)種形態結構使(shi)鵝絨(rong)(rong)纖維能(neng)夠保(bao)(bao)持(chi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)蓬(peng)松(song)性(xing)，在捕(bu)獲更(geng)(geng)(geng)多空(kong)氣同時，將空(kong)氣很好(hao)地(di)固定在其內部，大大增加纖維集合(he)體熱阻，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)能(neng)。由(you)于鵝絨(rong)(rong)纖維更(geng)(geng)(geng)長，且節(jie)點(dian)小而均(jun)勻，使(shi)鵝絨(rong)(rong)纖維在壓縮過程中具有更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)壓縮性(xing)，當外力釋放后，較(jiao)小的(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)對纖維彎曲恢復(fu)的(de)(de)阻力越小，使(shi)纖維集合(he)體具有更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)壓縮回彈性(xing)，宏觀表(biao)現為集合(he)體更(geng)(geng)(geng)為柔軟和具有彈性(xing)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)容易恢復(fu)到原始蓬(peng)松(song)結構，從而使(shi)鵝絨(rong)(rong)纖維更(geng)(geng)(geng)容易保(bao)(bao)持(chi)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)。